Which gas is used to inflate the operative area during minimally invasive surgery?

• A. Carbon dioxide
• B. Oxygen
• C. Nitrogen
• D. Helium

Answer: (A)

Creating a safe working space inside the abdomen relies on a gas that can be reliably insufflated and then absorbed if needed. Carbon dioxide is used because it’s non-flammable, chemically inert in the body, and, importantly, highly soluble in blood. That solubility means any CO2 that enters the bloodstream is quickly carried to the lungs and exhaled, which reduces the risk of gas embolism and makes it easy to adjust or release the insufflation pressure as the procedure progresses. It also minimizes fire risk with electrosurgical instruments.

Oxygen can support combustion and isn’t ideal for insufflation, nitrogen is inert but less soluble and carries a higher embolism risk, and helium is inert but expensive and not as practical for clearance if leaks occur. So carbon dioxide is the best choice for inflating the operative area.